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- ДокументBullying as a Socially Dangerous Act: Statistical Analysis and Proposals for the Criminalization of Bullying(Atlantis Press, 2021) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна Миколаївна; Bochevar, Alla; Бочевар, Алла ГригорівнаThe article is focused on the analysis of criminological problems in relation to the conditions and causes of bullying, as well as the victimological component of this anti-social phenomenon. The age and characteristics of victims who suffer from bullying are analyzed. How the environment and family upbringing affect the further behavior of the bully and the victim. The types of bullers, witnesses to bullying, and places where bullying occurs were examined. Further consideration was aimed at the analysis of the socially dangerous act from different sides (from teachers and children). On the basis of the conducted questionnaire survey that took place among teachers of secondary educational institutions and directly among students of secondary educational institutions and students of higher educational establishments who are under 18 years old, amendments to the criminal legislation of Ukraine are proposed.
- ДокументCharacteristics of Punishment for Property Embezzlement and Appropriation by Military Personnel through Abuse of Office(LEGALITY: JURNAL ILMIAH HUKUM, 2023-03) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна Миколаївна; Chenshova, Natalia; Viunyk, Maksym; Duiunova, Tetiana; Palii, EvgeniaThe article is focused on the analysis of legislative regulation of sentencing and exemption from punishment of persons who have committed criminal offenses connected with the appropriation and embezzlement of military property by military personnel through the abuse of official position. The variability of responsibility for the appropriation and embezzlement of military property was analyzed, beginning with the Criminal Code of 1960, the effective Criminal Code of 2001, and the draft new criminal legislation on this criminal offense. This study employed a comparative legal analysis of responsibility according to administrative and criminal legislation, defines the level of punishment for the committed offenses, and presents. The author’s classification of disciplinary, administrative, and criminal responsibility. Criminal offenses related to corruption were also analyzed and the restrictions that cannot be applied to persons who have committed corruption offenses were investigated. This study also proposes a list of corrupt criminal offenses, explores possibilities for mitigating criminal liability for persons who have committed corruption criminal offenses that would not exceed the ban on mitigating criminal responsibility for corruption offenses, and considers the possibility of imposing additional types of punishment to persons who have committed criminal offenses in the area of the appropriation and embezzlement of military property. Statistical data on administrative and criminal proceedings on this issue were analyzed.
- ДокументCRIMINAL AND CRIMINOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING INVOLVEMENT OF MINORS IN ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES AND INDUCEMENT TO USE NARCOTICS, PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES OR THEIR ANALOGUES(2020) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна МиколаївнаIn the case of mental violence, the child is defenseless and unable to protect himself from verbal (constant, systematic, or periodic) insults, threats, humiliation, indifference to him, as well as requirements that do not meet his age and are to her by adult members of her family. More and more often it is possible to hear "My child, I do what I want", which determines the relevance of the chosen topic. The aim of the article is to identify criminal and criminological factors affecting the employment of minors in illegal activities and incitement to use drugs, psychotropic substances or their analogues. The research methodology: the methods of statistics and logical comparison, systematization, and generalization, which made it possible to achieve the goal of the study. The factors that influence the formation of the child's psyche are analyzed. Also based on the studied criminal cases, namely statistics under article 304 " involvement of juveniles in illegal activity" and 315 "addiction to use of drugs, medicines. The changes which according to the author will affect the improvement of a situation are offered.
- ДокументCriminal legal and criminological analysis of offenses against sexual freedom and immunity in Ukraine: current state and prospects(Problems of Forensic Sciences, 2023) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна Миколаївна; Shulga, Mykhailo; Tarasova, Iryna; Voznyk, Mykhail; Nazarov, ViktorThe highest social values of any legal country are the protection of natural rights, which include life, health, dignity, freedom and inviolability of the person. Ukraine declared these rights as the basic ones in the Art. 3 and 29 of the Constitution. The number of criminal offenses is large enough and gradually increasing, but only a small number of them are really important for the life of the individual and the consequences of their actions remain until the end of the life of the victim. Such criminal offenses include articles that protect sexual freedom and immunity. Ukraine has been under martial law for 10 months, and during this period cases of sexual violent criminal offenses have taken place. The aim of the study is to analyze the statutes, declarations and con ventions that should protect persons from the said criminal offenses. The study analyzed 1) the attitude of the ECHR to criminal offenses related to sexual freedom and immunity, and changes in legislation in connection with the ratification of international law; 2) conflicts and inconsistencies that exist in the law on criminal liability now and those that do not comply with interna tional treaties that were ratified, for example, the new version of Art. 155 and 303 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; 3) the latest changes in the legislation of Ukraine concerning Art. 156 “Child abuse for sexual purposes” of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; 4) data from the Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine on criminal offenses related to sexual freedom and immunity. As a result, it has been established that 40% of the analyzed difficulties do not end with the indictment in the court. There is a doubt about the determination of the same degree of social danger of rape (Art. 152 the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and sexual vio lence (Art. 154 the Criminal Code of Ukraine). The Art. 154 the Criminal Code of Ukraine concerning the difficulty of proving the criminal offense was analyzed, and a new version of this article was proposed. Diagrams with the data from the register of court decisions the correlation of indictments and court decisions on the recognition of persons guilty of the mentioned criminal offenses were created. The explanations of the Supreme Court concerning this category of cases were analyzed and presented. Finally, proposals were formulated to improve the current version of the criminal legislation of Ukraine.
- ДокументCriminological and Criminal Problems of Punishment for Domestic Violence: Theoretical, Practical and Judicial Aspects(Atlantis Press, 2021) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна Миколаївна; Krzeckovskis, IgorisThe article is devoted to the analysis of criminological issues about the conditions and causes that contribute to the emergence of domestic violence, as well as the victimological component of this anti-social phenomenon. The sex and characteristics of victims of domestic violence were analyzed. Based on this, the procedural issues related to the refusal of the victim to further prosecution by law enforcement agencies of the person who committed the criminal offence were analyzed. Further consideration concerned the types of punishment applied to perpetrators of domestic violence, identified gaps in the judicial system of sentencing and release from it. Based on the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, the ways to improve the legislation on domestic violence are analyzed.
- ДокументEcological Problems of Ukraine Related to Urbanization, Migration and State of War(Environment and Ecology Research, 2022) Собко, Ганна Миколаївна; Sobko, Hanna; Halkevych, Maryna; Yatsukh, Olena O.; Shuldiner, Julia; Bernevek, Tatyana I.The environmental situation in Kyiv has changed as a result of the transformation of industry and its territorial structure, the role of motor vehicles. Therefore, the study of the impact of urbanization on the environmental conditions of Kyiv during the development of the post-industrial economy is topical. The aim of the research is to identify territorial specifics of environmental changes in Kyiv in the period of the post-industrial economy development in 2000-2022. General regularities and specifics of the urbanization of Kyiv and other major cities of the world in the post-industrial period were determined. The assessment of changes of sources and types of environmental pollution caused by urbanisation was conducted, which allowed estimating specifics of the post-industrial ecological conditions at a macro level, using statistical indicators of urbanisation. The methodology of the assessment of ecological usage intensity and efficiency of urbanisation reorganisation of Kyiv was developed, a comparative analysis of the urbanisation level from stationary sources and the level of ecological intensity of the use of industrial zones. Key features of dynamics and territorial structure of influence of automobile and aviation transport in Kyiv were distinguished. The methodology of complex assessment of the environmental quality change in municipal areas was applied. The practical significance of the work consists in the development of the system of ecological assessment of urbanization, which can be used to create the ecological-urban development concept of Kyiv, as well as in teaching courses and the development of practical tasks on the city ecology.
- ДокументInternational Anti-Corruption Concepts and their Implementation in Ukraine(Novum Jus, 2023) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна Миколаївна; Shchyrska, Viktoriia; Щирська, Вікторія Сергіївна; Volodina, Oksana; Kurman, Oleksandr; Semenohov, ViacheslavThe relevance of the research is that Ukraine needs to eliminate corruption. A large number of measures have already been implemented, but Ukraine still lags behind other countries in terms of corruption indicators. Corruption does not depend on the political or economic regime. This phenomenon can be found in almost any country since corruption is a general aspect of the exercise of state authority in the form of specific actions of civil servants. Having analyzed the corruption in the public service of Ukraine, it seems necessary to pay attention to the foreign experience in anti-corruption activities. This circumstance is attributed to many reasons. One of the reasons for foreign experience is that developed countries have a more advanced system of public service. Therefore, the article is focused on the analysis of statistical indicators on corruption in different countries. The aim of the study is to analyze the specifics of tackling corruption in various countries. As a result, the dynamics of corruption in Ukraine is studied. In particular, the creation of specialized anti-corruption bodies and their effectiveness are analyzed. Finally, measures have been developed that would have a positive impact on the effective fight against corruption. La relevancia de esta investigación radica en que Ucrania necesita eliminar la corrupción. Ya se ha aplicado un gran número de medidas; sin embargo, el país todavía está a la zaga de otros países en lo que respecta a los indicadores de corrupción. La corrupción no depende del régimen político o económico; este fenómeno se puede encontrar en casi cualquier país ya que es un aspecto general del ejercicio de la autoridad estatal en forma de acciones específicas de los funcionarios públicos. Después de analizar la corrupción en la administración pública de Ucrania, parece necesario prestar atención a la experiencia extranjera en las actividades anticorrupción. Esta circunstancia se atribuye a muchas razones, una de las cuales es aplicar la experiencia extranjera que los países desarrollados tienen, representada en un sistema más avanzado de administración pública. Por lo tanto, el artículo se centra en el análisis de indicadores estadísticos sobre la corrupción en diferentes países. El objetivo del estudio es analizar los aspectos específicos de la lucha contra la corrupción en varios países. Como resultado, se estudia la dinámica de la corrupción en Ucrania. En particular, se analiza la creación de órganos especializados contra la corrupción y su eficacia. Por último, se han elaborado medidas que tendrían un efecto positivo en la lucha eficaz contra la corrupción.
- ДокументMENTAL ANOMALIES AS FACTORS THAT CAUSE CRIMINAL OFFENSES, INCLUDING IN THE FORM OF MENTAL ABUSE(2020) Sobko, Hanna ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5938-3400; Собко, Ганна МиколаївнаThe statisticians have an emphasis on the systematic nature of the incitement of violence, as well as on the internal recovery of the human singing situation, as in case of the manifestation of mental anomalies, it can be created. The aim of the article is to study mental anomalies as factors causing criminal rules, inclusions in the form of mental abuse. The author used the methods of logical comparison, systematization and generalization, which made it possible to achieve the goal of the study. The nature of the pacing of mental anomalies is determined as follows: genetic decline, psychophysiological peculiarities of malignancy. Discernment of anomalies from the point of view of medicine, and itself: alcoholism, drug addiction, psychopathies, organ damage to the central nervous system, epilepsy, traces of traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia. It has been established that all the diseases of the central nervous system are less likely to develop so that the development of infectious diseases occurs. Several criminal law–enforcers are responsible for mental abnormalities. Delivered that factors that infuse into the psyche є a weakening or a waste of self–control, heat, rudeness and aggressiveness, as well as sharpening all the negative qualities of an individual.
- ДокументMENTAL FORCED AS A CIRCUMSTANCES OF CRIMINAL ACTION(Centre for European Reforms Studies: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2019) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна МиколаївнаChanges in the criminal legislation of Ukraine (direct fixation of mental coercion as a circumstance excluding crime, changes in articles of the Special part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), which occurred in connection with the adoption of the current Criminal Code of Ukraine, also touched on the regulation of mental violence. Meanwhile, the criminal law has significant shortcomings related to the regulation of mental abuse, including terminology. Thus, the Criminal Code of Ukraine does not have a definition of mental abuse, which is a consequence of the inadequate and poor reflection of the categories of psychology in the criminal legislation. Introduction of Art. 40 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the legislator was ahead of science, since there was no serious doctrinal basis for this issue. Taking this into account, this work will attempt to provide important definitions of mental coercion in the sense of Art. 40 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, forceful and insurmountable coercion, legal and factual grounds of coercion, lawful harm, etc. It is also important to describe the place of coercion as a circumstance that excludes crime, in criminal law and its legal nature. In general, mental coercion, as a circumstance that excludes crime, received a decent legislative haven. Further perspectives on the development of this topic can be associated with the development of an interesting question about the official recognition of the doctrine as a source of law, with the expectations of the jurisprudence and its generalization, with a hypothetically possible amendment of the law. In the legal literature published before the adoption of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine, the circumstances that preclude criminal acts that were not provided for at the legislative level were often analyzed. At the same time, not much attention was paid to physical and mental compulsion, although this issue was covered in the works of Yu. V. Baulin, RD Sharapov, T. Yu. Oreshkina, V. Shepelnikov, and others. Изменения в уголовном законодательстве Украины (прямое закрепление психического принуждения как обстоятельства, исключающего преступность деяния, изменения в статьях Особенной части УК Украины), которые произошли в связи с принятием действующего УК Украины, коснулись и регулирования вопросов психического принуждения. Между тем, в уголовном законе есть существенные недостатки, связанные с регулированием психического принуждения, в том числе терминологического характера. Так, в УК Украины отсутствует определение психического насилия, является следствием недостаточного и некачественного отображения категорий психологии в уголовном законодательстве. Введением ст. 40 УК Украины законодатель опередил науку, поскольку серьезного доктринального основания этому вопросу еще не было. Учитывая это, в указанной работе выстраиваться попытки дать важные определения психическом принуждения в смысле ст. 40 УК Украины, преодолимы и непреодолимом примусам, юридической и фактической основаниям принуждения, правомерном вреде и др. Также важно описать место принуждения как обстоятельства, исключающего преступность деяния, в уголовном праве и его правовой природы. В целом, психическое принуждение как обстоятельство, исключающее преступность деяния, получил приличную законодательную гавань. Дальнейшие перспективы развития этой темы можно связать с развитием интересного вопрос официального признания доктрины источником права, с ожиданиями на судебную практику и ее обобщением, с гипотетически возможным внесением изменений и дополнений в законодательство.
- ДокументNon Performance or Improper Performance of Child Protection Responsibilities: Criminal and Criminological Aspects(Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 2022) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна Миколаївна; Hryshchenko, Oleksandra; Sheremet, Oleg; Bugera, Olena; Hrytsiuk, IhorThe purpose of the article is to study theoretical and practical aspects related to criminal liability for failure to perform child protection responsibilities by persons entrusted with these responsibilities. A number of research methods were used in the work such as formal-dogmatic, comparative-legal, sociological and hermeneutics. The article analyzes the case law and identifies gaps in the criminal liability legislation that affect the lack of social responsibility of persons in charge of a child care. Moreover, on the basis of the conducted survey, there were found out criminal offenses which are directly linked to the non-performance of child‟s protection responsibilities, particularly domestic violence in different forms. Accordingly, a number of theoretical conclusions and proposals were formulated to improve the rules of liability for non-performance or improper performance of child protection duties by persons assigned with these responsibilities.
- ДокументOBJECT AND SUBJECT OF MENTAL VIOLENCE(Centre for European Reforms Studies: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2018) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна МиколаївнаIn the context of our article, it is worth paying attention to the object of mental violence in isolation. Due to the lack of interpretation of physical and mental violence in the scientific works of lawyers, their object is also interpreted differently. Sometimes the authors confuse the object of the attack with the method of attack on him. One of the most important elements of the crime is an object that the author considers necessary to be considered simultaneously with the subject of the crime, since, in the context of the psychological violence itself, the delineation of these two components is a very controversial issue. Of course, everyone agrees that the object of a crime is that which the criminal act perpetrates, why it inflicts or is likely to cause harm. But on this all unity and ends. The question is, why it is a criminal act that inflicts or is likely to cause harm, is one of the most controversial. Currently, in the domestic science of criminal law, there are two diametrically opposed conceptual approaches to the problem of the object. According to one concept, the object of crimes is the benefits, values, interests, according to another - a set of social relations. Both concepts have their own historical roots and contemporary followers. Significant features and views are discussed in this article. У контексті нашої статті варто окремо звернути увагу на об'єкт саме психічного насильства. У зв'язку з відсутністю тлумачення фізичного та психічного насильства у наукових працях юристів, а як і по-різному тлумачиться та його об'єкт. Іноді автори плутають об'єкт зазіхання зі способом зазіхання нею. Одним із важливих елементів складу злочину є об'єкт, який автор вважає необхідно розглядати одночасно з предметом злочину, оскільки в контексті саме психічного насильства розмежування цих двох складових є дуже дискусійним питанням. Безумовно, всі погоджуються, що об'єкт злочину - це те, на що зазіхає злочинне діяння, чому воно завдає або може завдати шкоди. Але на цьому всяка єдність закінчується. Питання ж у тому, чому саме злочинне діяння завдає чи може завдати шкоди, є одним із найспірніших. В даний час у вітчизняній науці кримінального права існує два діаметрально протилежні концептуальні підходи до проблеми об'єкта. Відповідно до однієї концепції, об'єктом злочину є блага, цінності, інтереси, згідно з іншою – сукупність суспільних відносин. Обидві концепції мають своє історичне коріння і сучасних послідовників. Істотні ознаки та погляди яких розглядаються у цій статті. В контексте нашей статьи стоит отдельно обратить внимание на объект именно психического насилия. В связи с отсутствием толкования физического и психического насилия в научных трудах юристов, а так же по-разному толкуется и их объект. Иногда авторы путают объект посягательства со способом посягательства на него. Одним из важных элементов состава преступления является объект, который автор считает необходимо рассматривать одновременно с предметом преступления, поскольку в контексте именно психического насилия разграничения этих двух составляющих является весьма дискуссионным вопросом. Безусловно, все соглашаются, что объект преступления - это то, на что посягает преступное деяние, почему оно наносит или может нанести вред. Но на этом всякая единство и заканчивается. Вопрос же в том, почему именно преступное деяние наносит или может нанести вред, является одним из самых спорных. В настоящее время в отечественной науке уголовного права существует два диаметрально противоположных концептуальных подхода к проблеме объекта. Согласно одной концепции, объектом преступления является блага, ценности, интересы, согласно другой - совокупность общественных отношений. Обе концепции имеют свои исторические корни и современных последователей. Существенные признаки и взгляды которых рассматриваются в этой статье.
- ДокументPersecution as a Socially Dangerous Phenomena in Ukraine(Atlantis Press, 2021) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна Миколаївна; Bochevar, Alla; Бочевар, Алла ГригорівнаFairly large number ofresearches have been surveyedon domestic violence. It is known that both men and women use physical and psychological violence, but despite this, law enforcement practice is surprisingly more focused on protecting women.If the issue of violence is more or less clear, and the state responds to it ex post facto, there is another much more complicated issue when the victim is already in a depressed state, but formally,no criminal or administrative offenses have been committed against her. Moreover, statistics represents an increase of threats among population. Examining the experience of foreign countries, it is obvious that this type of socially dangerous act is criminally punishable in different countries. Thus, the article is devoted to persecution as a mental influence on the will of a person.The Ukrainian legislation thatindirectly concerns persecution, namely Art. 173³ of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences, the Art.126¹ of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It isproposed to criminalize the Art. 146² of the Criminal Code of Ukraine “Persecution” where it’s justified the need to ensure a high level of protection of the rights, freedoms and interests of citizens, including the protection of persons from negative psychological pressure. It’s also providedthe edition oftheArt. 146² of the Criminal Code of Ukraine "Persecution" and amendments to the law on criminal liability in this edition are substantiated.
- ДокументPhilosophical Bases of the Investigation of the Concept of Psychiatic Purpose(Centre for European Reforms Studies: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2018) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна МиколаївнаThe article contains a philosophical and methodological analysis of the concepts of mental violence, defines the theoretical foundations and suggests additions to the existing definitions. The study yielded a number of new data on the signs of psychological violence and the mechanisms of formation of these signs based on the knowledge gained, and the article considers the scientific points of view of various philosophers regarding the concept of mental violence. Based on the considered philosophical views, the most important features are highlighted and the definition of mental violence is proposed. Philosophical and ideological methods include various philosophical, ideological approaches, concepts on which legal scholars base their scientific research. It can be one or another direction of materialistic or idealistic philosophy: dialectical materialism, positivism, phenomenology, hermeneutics, structuralism, etc. As a rule, methodological pluralism is typical for the legal science of many countries, according to which every researcher is free to choose philosophical and worldview methods on the basis of which he will conduct his research. The methodological role of the philosophical and legal discourse follows from the role that philosophical knowledge plays in relation to most of the specific sciences. Knowledge of the meaning and purpose of law, produces a philosophy of law, sets directions in the study of specific legal forms and serves as the basis of the general theory of law. У статті проведено філософсько-методологічний аналіз понять психічного насильства, визначено теоретичні засади та запропоновано доповнення до існуючих визначень. Проведене дослідження дозволило отримати низку нових даних про ознаки психологічного насильства та механізми формування цих ознак на основі отриманих знань, а також у статті розглядаються наукові точки зору різних філософів щодо поняття психічного насильства. На основі розглянутих філософських поглядів виділено найважливіші ознаки та запропоновано визначення психічного насильства. До філософсько-світоглядних методів належать різні філософські, світоглядні підходи, концепції, на яких вчені-правознавці засновують свої наукові дослідження. Це можуть бути ті чи інші напрямки матеріалістичної чи ідеалістичної філософії: діалектичний матеріалізм, позитивізм, феноменологія, герменевтика, структуралізм тощо. Як правило, для юридичної науки багатьох країн характерний методологічний плюралізм, згідно з яким кожен дослідник вільний у виборі філософсько-світоглядних методів , на основі яких він проводитиме свої наукові дослідження. Методологічна роль філософсько-правового дискурсу випливає з тієї ролі, яку філософське знання відіграє щодо більшості конкретних наук. Знання про сенс і призначення права, виробляє філософія права, задають напрями у вивченні конкретних правових форм і є основою загальної теорії права. В статье проведен философско-методологический анализ понятий психического насилия, определены теоретические основы и предложены дополнения к существующим определениям. Проведенное исследование позволило получить ряд новых данных о признаках психологического насилия и механизмах формирования этих признаков на основе полученных знаний, а также в статье рассматриваются научные точки зрения различных философов относительно понятия психического насилия. На основе рассмотренный философских взглядов выделены важнейшие признаки и предложено определение психического насилия. К философско-мировоззренческих методам относятся различные философские, мировоззренческие подходы, концепции, на которых ученые-правоведы основывают свои научные исследования. Это могут быть те или иные направления материалистической или идеалистической философии: диалектический материализм, позитивизм, феноменология, герменевтика, структурализм и т. д. Как правило, для юридической науки многих стран характерен методологический плюрализм, согласно которому каждый исследователь свободен в выборе философско-мировоззренческих методов, на основе которых он будет проводить свои научные исследования. Методологическая роль философско-правового дискурса следует из той роли, которую философское знание играет относительно большинства конкретных наук. Знание о смысле и назначении права, производит философия права, задают направления в изучении конкретных правовых форм и служат основой общей теории права.
- ДокументPREVENTION OF MENTAL VIOLENCE IN THE SYSTEM OF PROVIDING INFORMATION SECURITY OF CITIZENS IN UKRAINE(2020) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна Миколаївна; Mitina, Olena; Мітіна, Олена МихайлівнаIt should be noted that such proposals for resolving the issue of information security concern the state. However, concerning the recommendation for citizens, an important means of counteracting information and psychological influence is self–development, improving their worldview, checking the information obtained in various sources, all information obtained in the media must be objectively questioned until such information is published in official sources. Слід зазначити, що такі пропозиції щодо вирішення питання інформаційної безпеки хвилюють державу. Проте, щодо рекомендації громадянам, важливим засобом протидії інформаційно-психологічному впливу є саморозвиток, удосконалення свого світогляду, перевірка інформації, отриманої в різних джерелах, вся інформація, отримана в ЗМІ, повинна бути об’єктивно перевірена до моменту її оприлюднення в офіційні джерела.
- ДокументProblematic issues of determining the object of criminal offences against agro-industry(International Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2022) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна Миколаївна; Khovpun, Oleksii; Dei, Maryna; Frantsuz, Anatoliy; Yermakova, HannaActive support for agro-industry development is reflected in the harmonization of the interests of government and business. The organization of interaction between government and agro-industrial structures for the purpose of consistent socio-economic development creates the foundation of Ukraine's stability in general and its food security in particular, but against this background, not everyone is a bona fide entrepreneur and sometimes tries to profit by obtaining loans for non-existent firms. The article is aimed at understanding and studying the object of protection of public relations in the field of agro-industry, as well as the subject of encroachment. Criminal offenses against the environment were considered and conclusions were drawn regarding the object of protection, location, and subject matter. The place of the agro-industrial complex in the country's economy is analyzed. The statistical indicators on criminal offenses in the field of environment related to agro-industry for the last three years are studied, addition the regional indicators of criminality on the specified criminal offenses are focused, and also attention is paid to convictions on general and special signs of committing criminal offenses against the environment and related agro-industrial criminal offenses. The world experience in support of agro-industrial complex in different countries is investigated. Some conclusions have been drawn on the differences between Ukrainian legislation and the legislation of other countries, for example on the sectoral affiliation of criminal offenses in the field of agro-industrial complex to criminology, which according to statistics can identify risks and thus prevent subsidies to certain enterprises.
- ДокументProblems and conflicts related to measures to ensure the right to a fair trial in accordance with the European Convention on Human Rights(Janus.net, e-journal of international relations, 2024) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна Миколаївна; Muliar, Halyna; Hryhorchuk, Myroslav; Holovko, Oleksandr; Draliuk, Ivam; Lvova, Yelyzaveta; Львова, Єлизавета ОлегівнаNotwithstanding the law governing the dispute, everyone has the right to a fair and impartial trial, as stated in the first paragraph of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. This provision emphasises an impartial trial within a reasonable time without taking into account the civil, administrative, criminal nature of the case. Because the court`s decision is announced publicly, the press and the public may not be allowed into the courtroom in order not to harm the interests of justice. This process is implemented in the interests of a democratic society, namely public order, national security and morality. The purpose of the article is an analysis of problems and conflicts in the field of criminal and constitutional law related to measures to ensure the right to a fair trial in the light of the European Convention on Human Rights, including the analyses of the cases in the ECtHR related to Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights and the consideration of the problems faced by the two sides of the lawsuit. The main research methods are analysis and synthesis, comparative and formal legal methods, using of which ensured an analysis of the legal framework of national and international law, doctrinal approaches and practise of the ECtHR in the context of the problems, conflicts and counteractions encountered in ensuring the right to a fair trial. The conclusions point to conflicts in such cases, and provide theoretical advice on how to improve them.
- ДокументRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PHYSICAL AND NON-PHYSICAL VIOLENCE ON EXAMPLE OF THE NORMS OF CRIMINAL LAW OF UKRAINE(Centre for European Reforms Studies: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2019) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна МиколаївнаBetween the concepts of "criminal mental harm" and "moral harm" there is a formal-logical correlation of intersection: there is a harm which is simultaneously a criminal psychical and moral (this is a negative emotion), at the same time moral harm can be inflicted on the legal person, but the specified mental harm is not only a moral hazard. The criminal violent mental impact and criminal mental harm, being de facto an act and the damage it inflicts, can de jure play the role of various features of the crime or characterize certain institutions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. So, summing up, let us once again point out: the subject of mental violence is the psyche itself in its biological sense. The object of the author's opinion is that public interest, which is associated with the normal functioning of the psyche. Based on the information studied above, we will make the following interim conclusions: the disclosure of the term "mental violence" through the psyche as an object of encroachment is not entirely correct, since other objects, including physiology, are ignored; The disclosure of the content of mental violence through its means of implementation also has shortcomings, since it remains unclear what term should be used by the legislator - "mental violence" or "psychological violence", given the fact that both have negative and positive features. In addition, this definition often ignores the object of the attack, which can not be ignored. Given these interim conclusions, we note that it is necessary to make new steps in formulating the term reflecting the phenomenon under investigation, to reveal its features and content. One of the simplest methods borrowed from jurisprudence in logic is the method of dichotomy, that is, the division into halves. In this case, one should split the types of violence in half. Given that, with some reservations, physical violence is recognized by all scientists in this area as a phenomenon, and, moreover, there is practically no more than two types of violence, it is precisely because of this. Thus, violence can be divided into physical and nonphysical, wМіж поняттями «кримінально - психічна шкода» і «моральна шкода» існує формально-логічне співвідношення перетину: буває шкода, яка одночасно є кримінальною психічною та моральною (це негативні емоції), водночас моральна шкода може завдаватися і юридичній особі, а зазначена психічна шкода полягає у моральному шкоді. Кримінально-насильницький та психічний вплив, а також кримінально-психічна шкода, будучи de facto діянням та заподіяною ним шкодою, de jure можуть грати роль різних ознак складу злочину або характеризувати окремі інститути КК України. Отже, підбиваючи підсумок, ще раз відзначимо предметом психічного насильства є сама психіка у її біологічному сенсі. Об'єктом на думку автора є той суспільний інтерес, пов'язаний із нормальним функціонуванням психіки. На основі інформації, дослідженої, зробимо такі проміжні висновки: розкриття терміна «психічне насильство» через психіку як об'єкт зазіхання недостатньо коректно, оскільки ігноруються інші об'єкти, зокрема фізіологія; розкриття змісту психічного насильства через способи його реалізації також має недоліки, тому незрозумілим залишається: термін, який слід використовувати законодавцю – «психічне насильство» або «психологічне насильство», враховуючи той факт, що обидва мають негативні та позитивні риси. Крім того, при такому визначенні часто ігнорується об'єкт зазіхання, який все ж таки поза увагою залишати не можна.Враховуючи дані проміжні висновки, відзначимо, що необхідно зробити нові кроки у формулюванні терміна, що відображає досліджуване явище, розкрити його ознаки та зміст. Одним із найпростіших методів, запозичених юриспруденцією у логіки, є метод дихотомії, тобто поділу навпіл. У разі навпіл слід розділити види насильства. Враховуючи те, що з деякими застереженнями фізичне насильство як явище визнається усіма вченими в цій галузі і, крім того, виділення більш ніж двох видів насильства практично не проводиться, то слід відштовхуватися саме від цього. Таким чином, насильство можна розділити на фізичне і нефізичне, до якого можна віднести всі інші способи зазіхання, не охоплені першим видом.
- ДокументSOCIAL SECURITY THREATS TO CRIME(Centre for European Reforms Studies: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2019) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна МиколаївнаThe article deals with the problems of mental violence, which are an integral part of social life. At the same time, the proclamation of Ukraine by the rule of law requires attention from criminal legislation to the rights of victims of mental violence and equally to the rights of persons who resort to the use of mental violence. To study the issue, the national and international legislation, ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, is analyzed in accordance with the current legislation. Meanwhile, the criminal law has significant disadvantages associated with the regulation of mental violence, including the terminological nature. Changes in the criminal legislation of Ukraine, which occurred in connection with the adoption of the current Criminal Code of Ukraine, also touched upon the regulation of issues of mental violence. Mental violence does not violate the integrity of any external tissues or internal organs, but only affects the psyche of a person, causes different feelings - fear, indignation, anger. Any violence against a person causes her physical and moral suffering and is carried out contrary to her will. In the science of criminal law carefully investigated various types of violent actions. Thus, in the Criminal Code of Ukraine there is no definition of mental violence, which is a consequence of insufficient and poor-quality reflection of the categories of psychology in criminal law. There is a need to define the concept, content, types of mental violence, as well as the features of this type of violence. Статья исследует проблемы психического насилия, которые являются составляющей общественной жизни. Вместе с тем провозглашения Украины правовым государством требует внимания со стороны уголовного законодательства прав пострадавших от психического насилия и в равной степени прав лиц, которые прибегли к применению психического насилия. Для изучения вопроса проанализированы национальное и международное законодательство, ратифицировано Верховной Радой Украины, в соответствии с действующим законодательством. Более подробно освещены угрозу как форму психического насилия. Рассмотрены основные виды и признаки угрозы, которые влияют на преступность деяния. Угроза причиняет реальный вред психическому здоровью потерпевшего, порождает стресс, беспокойство за свою безопасность, свободу выбора поведения без давления извне. А это, в свою очередь, оставляет значительный отпечаток на жизни и здоровье человека. Поэтому очень важно, чтобы нормы закона о угрозы существовали как средство защиты на государственном уровне личной безопасности человека - одной из самых высоких социальных ценностей в государстве. В наше время, к сожалению, можем констатировать тот факт, что в Украине недостаточный государственный защиту лица от криминальных угроз, поскольку личная безопасность рядового гражданина защищена только от угрозы убийством. Хотя даже и такая защита имеет достаточно условный и выборочный характер.
- ДокументSocio-legal Problems of Environment Criminal-legal Protection, Regard-ing Illegal Deforestation(Review of Economics and Finance, 2023) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна Миколаївна; Aparov, Andrii; Kovalenko, Natalya; Frantsuz, Anatoliy; Yermakova, HannaEnvironment protection from illegal encroachments and prevention of ecological criminal illegality are among the main tasks of the Law of Ukraine on Criminal Liability. The criminal law must ensure the constitutional right of every person from adverse environmental encroachments and guarantee the constitutional protection of natural resources as the basis of human life and activity. Forest ia a environment component has a huge resource potential and performs a variety of environmental, economic, cultural and recreational functions. Recently, a criminal offense in the field of illegal deforestation has become very common in our country (Article 246 of the Criminal Codex of Ukraine). The article analyzes the most common factors and conditions for the growing number of criminal offenses related to illegal deforestation. Ukraine is on the path to devastation. The article analyzes the state of forest plantations change over the past 10 years and trends towards further destruction of the country’s forest fund. The article is based not only on the register of court decisions, but also on a questionnaire conducted among forestry workers and police officers involved in the pretrial investigation of criminal offenses related to illegal deforestation. The legislative materials regarding to the regulation of ecological protection in the field of illegal deforestation are analyzed. The most common criminal offenses concealment schemes are considered, the main criminological factors influencing the spread of criminal offenses related to forest protection are identified. Measures to be taken to stop the spread of these socially dangerous acts against the environment are proposed.
- ДокументThe Concept of Mental Violence(Centre for European Reforms Studies: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2018) Sobko, Hanna; Собко, Ганна МиколаївнаThe article contains a legal-psychological analysis of the concepts of mental violence, defines the theoretical foundations and suggests additions to the existing definitions. The study yielded a number of new data on the signs of psychological violence and the mechanisms of formation of these signs based on the knowledge gained, and the article discusses the scientific points of view of various eminent scientists, both domestic and post-Soviet scientists, regarding the concept of mental violence. From the considered views, the most important signs are highlighted and the definition of mental violence is proposed. У статті проведено юридико-психологічний аналіз понять психічного насильства, визначено теоретичні засади та запропоновано доповнення до існуючих ухвал. Проведене дослідження дозволило отримати низку нових даних про ознаки психологічного насильства та механізми формування цих ознак на основі отриманих знань, а також у статті розглядаються наукові точки зору різних видатних учених як вітчизняних, так і вчених пострадянського простору щодо поняття психічного насильства. З розглянутих поглядів виділено найважливіші ознаки та запропоновано визначення психічного насильства. В статье проведен юридико-психологический анализ понятий психического насилия, определены теоретические основы и предложены дополнения к существующим определениям. Проведенное исследование позволило получить ряд новых данных о признаках психологического насилия и механизмах формирования этих признаков на основе полученных знаний, а также в статье рассматриваются научные точки зрения различных выдающихся ученых, как отечественных, так и ученых постсоветского пространства, относительно понятия психического насилия. Из рассмотренных взглядов выделены важнейшие признаки и предложено определение психического насилия.