Правове регулювання використання автономних систем озброєнь у правоохоронній діяльності: виклики та перспективи

Abstract

У статті зазначено, що розвиток технологій автономних систем озброєнь ставить перед правовою системою нові виклики, особливо в контексті їх використання у правоохоронній діяльності. У статті проаналізовано основні аспекти правового регулювання застосування автономних систем озброєнь у правоохоронних органах з урахуванням міжнародних стандартів, національних правових норм, а також етичних і моральних аспектів такого використання. Окрему увагу приділено можливим ризикам і перевагам, а також пропозиціям щодо вдосконалення нормативно-правової бази для ефективного та безпечного використання автономних технологій у сфері безпеки.

The article examines the pressing issue of legal regulation regarding the use of autonomous weapon systems in law enforcement. The rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies and automated systems presents new challenges for national and international legal frameworks, as these technologies can significantly alter law enforcement methods, affecting security levels, human rights protection, and decision-making accountability. The integration of autonomous systems into law enforcement requires a thorough analysis of their impact on citizens’ rights and their alignment with existing international and national legal standards. The article analyzes key aspects of the deployment of autonomous weapons in law enforcement agencies, including international legal norms, national legislation, and the ethical and moral dilemmas arising from the use of such systems. Particular emphasis is placed on potential risks, such as the threat to fundamental human rights and freedoms, accountability issues regarding autonomous system actions, and the risk of uncontrolled use of force. At the same time, the article considers the potential benefits of these technologies, including enhanced efficiency of law enforcement agencies, reduction of human errors, and the possibility of using non-lethal measures. The study explores international approaches to regulating autonomous weapon systems, particularly within the frame-work of international humanitarian law, human rights standards, and ethical principles for technology application in law enforcement. A comparative analysis of different countries’ legal frameworks for integrating autonomous technologies into police and other security forces is conducted, allowing for the identification of best practices and potential pathways for their adaptation in national legislation. The article proposes possible directions for improving the legal framework governing the use of autonomous systems in the security sector. These recommendations aim to enhance transparency, accountability, and efficiency in their application. Special attention is given to the need for new standards and control mechanisms to ensure compliance with human rights, as well as the development of international agreements regulating the use of autonomous weapons in law enforcement. The findings of this research may be valuable for scholars, legal experts, law enforcement officials, and technology developers seeking to create innovative solutions that align with modern legal and ethical standards.